Osaka Pref. Keyhole-shaped mound

Izumi Koganduka Kofun

LocationOsaka Pref.
ShapeKeyhole-shaped mound
Mound length94 m
PeriodLate 4th c.

Overview

National Historic Site notable for yielding more than 27 bronze mirrors, including numerous triangular-rimmed deity-beast mirrors. A late-4th-century keyhole mound (94m) with a dual vertical stone-cist structure. The discovery of a mirror inscribed "Keishi Year 3" (239 CE) has prompted discussion of links to Himiko and Yamatai. Internationally known for its relevance to the "mirrors of Himiko" debate—one of the greatest mysteries of ancient Japanese history. The name "Koganduka" (Golden Mound) derives from a tradition that brilliant grave goods were found here. More than 500 triangular-rimmed mirrors have been found in Japan but none in China, sustaining a lively dispute between "Japanese-made" and "Wei gift" theories.

Finds & research

Two burial chambers (vertical stone cists) — one each in the rear circle and front section (dual-chamber structure). Finds: 27+ bronze mirrors including a "Keishi Year 3 (239 CE)"-inscribed triangular-rimmed deity-beast mirror, additional triangular-rimmed mirrors, pictorial deity-beast mirrors, iron swords, iron arrowheads, and beads. The 239 CE inscription coincides with the year Himiko sent tribute to Wei as recorded in the Wei Zhi, making this mirror a key reference in the ongoing "Wei gift" vs "Japanese-made" debate. Finds held at the Osaka Prefectural Museum of Yayoi Culture and the Tokyo National Museum. National Historic Site (1981).

Two views on the occupant

Archaeological view
A late-4th-century keyhole mound, 94m long. The main burial area has a dual-chamber structure with vertical stone cists in both the rear circle and the front section. The assemblage includes more than 27 bronze mirrors, notably triangular-rimmed deity-beast mirrors. Among these, a mirror bearing the inscription "Keishi 3rd year (239 CE)" coincides with the years when Himiko, queen of Yamatai, sent tribute to the kingdom of Wei in China. This has fueled the "mirrors of Himiko" theory, and the Izumi Koganduka finds are directly relevant to that distribution debate. Other finds include painted-band deity-beast mirrors, iron swords, iron arrowheads, and jewels.
Imperial Household Agency view
Not managed by the IHA. National Historic Site administered by the Agency for Cultural Affairs and Izumi City. Designated a National Historic Site in 1981. Not listed as an IHA mausoleum or reference site, enabling excavation. Detailed finds have been recorded. The occupant is unknown but is believed to have been a powerful chief closely linked to the Yamato polity.

Field notes

The excavated mirrors are held at the Osaka Prefectural Museum of Yayoi Culture (within Izumi City) and the Tokyo National Museum, with some on permanent display. The site is preserved in Izumi City and can be viewed by walking around the perimeter.

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Sources

和泉市教育委員会国史跡指定書Wikipedia

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