★ World Heritage Habikino / Fujiidera, Osaka Keyhole-shaped mound

Tsudoshiroyama Kofun

Fujiidera Ryobo Sankochi (IHA reference site)
LocationHabikino / Fujiidera, Osaka
ShapeKeyhole-shaped mound
Mound length210 m
PeriodLate 4th c.
DesignationNational Historic Site
World HeritageMozu-Furuichi Kofun Group (UNESCO)

Overview

A keyhole mound at the northern end of the Furuichi area, 210m long (208m in some sources) with a rear circle 16.9m high. The three-tiered mound has its front section facing south-east and projections on both sides of the waist. Broad double moats and embankments surround it. Reuse as a castle in the Muromachi period altered the mound, but its original scale and form can be reconstructed. Part of the rear-circle summit is administered by the Imperial Household Agency as the Fujiidera Mausoleum Reference Site; the remainder is open as part of the National Historic Site Furuichi Kofun Group. It is a constituent monument of the Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group World Heritage Site, inscribed in 2019.

Finds & research

In 1912 an attempt to quarry stone from the summit of the rear circle exposed the burial: a pit-style stone chamber holding one of the largest chest-shaped sarcophagi known in Japan. Bronze mirrors, iron arms and armour, bracelet-shaped stone objects and various ornaments came from the chamber and coffin. The coffin was reburied on the spot and the mirrors, swords and other grave goods were bought by the state; it was this discovery that led the IHA to add the rear-circle summit to its register as the Fujiidera Mausoleum Reference Site (Fujiidera City Board of Education). The capstones of the chamber, removed at the time, are now gathered and displayed in the site's guidance building. Cylindrical and large figural haniwa have been recovered from the mound and moats. Square island-like platforms stood in the inner moat on either side of the front section; the eastern one, 17m per side, carried three strikingly lifelike waterfowl haniwa.

Two views on the occupant

Archaeological view
One of the earliest large keyhole mounds in the Furuichi area. Fujiidera City dates it to the late 4th century, while the Agency for Cultural Affairs assigns it to the early Middle Kofun period. It is 210m long (208m in some sources), with a rear circle 16.9m high, three tiers, and broad double moats and embankments. Reuse as a castle in the Muromachi period altered it, though its scale and shape can still be reconstructed. Fujiidera City describes it as the first giant mound to appear in the Furuichi group.
Imperial Household Agency view
Part of the summit of the rear circle is the IHA's "Fujiidera Mausoleum Reference Site", with Emperor Ingyo (19th sovereign) named as the candidate occupant. The oddly small extent of that designation reflects its history: it was added only after the sarcophagus came to light in 1912 (Fujiidera City Board of Education). The rest of the mound, moats and embankments are protected as the National Historic Site "Furuichi Kofun Group" (designated 21 January 1958), and visitors may walk freely on the mound.

Field notes

Apart from the part of the rear-circle summit designated a mausoleum reference site, this is one of the very few large mounds visitors may walk on freely. A guidance building, Mahora Shiroyama, stands on the north side of the inner moat, displaying screen-shaped and cylindrical haniwa and a reconstructed sarcophagus. About a 17-minute walk north of Kintetsu Fujiidera Station.

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Sources

百舌鳥・古市古墳群 公式サイト文化庁 文化遺産オンライン(世界遺産構成資産解説)藤井寺市 文化財保護課「城山古墳1」藤井寺市「津堂城山古墳」

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